Concrete is one of the world’s most commonly used construction materials and for good reason. It is incredibly versatile, durable and affordable. It is also non-flammable, which dramatically reduces building and maintenance costs as well as noxious emissions during the construction process.
The concrete construction industry has evolved tremendously over the years. In addition to traditional concrete, there is precast concrete and reinforced concrete as well as glass concrete, which is typically found in commercial buildings. Reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that is poured with steel bars or rods to reinforce the structure and increase its strength. This is particularly useful when constructing taller buildings or when the structure needs to support heavy loads.
Traditional concrete is made from coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. This is then formed into the desired shape using a mould. It is usually cast into a form in which the shape of the finished product is desired, such as an empty plastic container. During the curing phase, which is the period in which the concrete hardens, it is often kept damp to slow down the shrinkage. It is also reinforced with steel to increase its tensile strength, which can withstand both compressive and shear stresses.
Concrete construction is extremely cost-effective, and the materials are readily available. The production of concrete requires very little energy, and the raw materials can be sourced from local deposits or recycled by-products from other industries. Its durability and thermal mass means that fewer heating and cooling systems are needed in concrete buildings, further reducing the carbon footprint of a project.
When taken from a whole-life performance perspective, the benefits of concrete are even more evident. This includes a lower carbon uptake than alternative building materials, its durability, energy efficiency and the large proportion of secondary raw materials used in its manufacture.
Workers in the concrete construction industry need to be physically strong and have excellent manual dexterity. They must also be able to read blueprints and work closely with quantity surveyors to ensure that the concrete is cast according to specifications. A high level of quality is required, and concrete must be properly cured to prevent cracking or other damage.
Concrete is a highly versatile building material, and it can be made in many different forms. This allows builders to create a range of structural and architectural designs that would be impossible with other materials. Concrete can also be stained and colored to produce a wide variety of aesthetic finishes.
Unlike other building materials, concrete does not burn, so it reduces the need for robust heating and cooling systems within the buildings. In addition, concrete can store heat and keep temperatures moderate, which again reduces the need for additional heating or cooling systems. Its energy efficiency means that homeowners save between 20 and 25 percent on their energy costs, compared to those in buildings constructed with other materials. These savings can quickly pay for the concrete itself.
